Place Making
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To ensure that the most sustainable sites are used for development and that the design process, layout structure and form provide a development that is appropriate to the local context and supports a sustainable community.
Question 2.1
Objective
To ensure the most effective and efficient use of land, applying a sequential approach.
Question
How can the site be best characterised?
- Remediated or awaiting remediation in accordance with Environment Agency best practice guidance
- Previously developed land, with existing buildings on-site appropriate for re-use or refurbishment
- Previously developed land
- Undeveloped- Includes residential gardens, not green belt/ outdoor grass pitches
- Other: Including brownfield-rural land / Designated open space / Designated sports pitches or recreation land / Green belt / high quality agricultural land / land designated as of ecological importance / land with workable or potentially workable minerals / Environment Agency Flood Zones 2&3
Targets and Justification
- Best
- B or A
- Good
- 100% of site characterised as brownfield
- Minimum
- Local Authority Minimum PLUS Meets indicative sub-regional targets for brownfield land and building use
Applies to Developments
This question applies to Small, Medium and Large developments.
Question 2.2
Objective
To ensure that the landscaping scheme is appropriate to the local environment whilst respecting and responding to wider local landscape characteristics.
Question
Has a landscaping scheme been drawn up for the site – to include public open space, street scenes, public/private space boundaries and site boundaries, with landscape and ecological assets preserved and / or enhanced?
Targets and Justification
- Best
- Drawn up with landscape architect AND ecologist
- Good
- Drawn up with landscape architect OR ecologist
- Minimum
- Landscape Scheme Drawn Up
Applies to Developments
This question applies to Small, Medium and Large developments.
Question 2.3
Objective
To achieve visual and physical links that makes it easy to find the entrance points to the development and to navigate around and through.
Question
Are there physical and visual links between the development and the surrounding area and is the development signage legible and the site permeable to pedestrians?
- Are new routes into the site continuations of existing access points from the surrounding area?
- How direct are sight lines of existing neighbourhood streets continued through the site?
- Are main routes within the site connected directly to main routes in the wider area, without feeding through existing routes with less capacity or with a primary residential function?
- Have the needs of the pedestrian been fully considered to achieve a permeable and legible layout?
Targets and Justification
- Best
- A properly structured urban design hierarchy within the masterplan
- Good
- A design strategy addressing all four issues
- Minimum
- See relevant local planning authority standard
Applies to Developments
This question applies to Small, Medium and Large developments.
Question 2.4
Objective
To create a place with a clear identity that is easy to understand and navigate.
Question
Has the development been designed to be easy for users to understand and orientate themselves in and does it promote a neighbourhood identity?
- Will entrances to the development and its different areas be designed as gateways?
- Will landmarks, including memorable buildings, be used to help users orientate themselves?
- Will clear views and deflected views of landmarks be created?
- Will corner buildings be heightened or building line altered to act as landmarks?
- Will nodes be emphasised through surface treatment?
- Will design, materials and street furniture lend themselves to support easy place navigation?
Targets and Justification
- Best
- Not currently identified
- Good
- A design strategy that addresses all the listed issues
- Minimum
- See relevant local planning authority standard
Applies to Developments
This question applies to Small, Medium and Large developments.
Question 2.5
Objective
To ensure that building frontages encourage pedestrian usage of streets contributing to vitality.
Question
Will ‘Active Frontage Guidelines’ of the English Partnerships Urban Design Compendium be met in order to promote vitality?
Targets and Justification
- Best
- 100% achieves at least Grade C frontage, 50% Grade A
- Good
- 100% achieves at least Grade C frontage, 25% Grade A
- Minimum
- See relevant local planning authority standard
Applies to Developments
This question applies to Small, Medium and Large developments.
Question 2.6
Objective
To ensure that the development responds to local character whilst reinforcing its own identity.
Question
Will the appearance of the development be visually appropriate, taking into account local character assessment, and will it complement local character whilst reinforcing local distinctiveness (e.g. materials, road pattern, etc) and being clearly integrated with the wider community?
- Building materials and colour complementing local character
- Building style and form enhancing local character
- Roofscapes visually respecting the developments location within a local context (allowing for low carbon technologies where appropriate)
- Continuity of local building details such as windows and doors
- Residential component of the development fostering a potential for personalisation by prospective residents
- Contemporary approach to reflect the local vernacular
Targets and Justification
- Best
- A - F or Undertake Landscape Character Assessment
- Good
- A - D
- Minimum
- See relevant local planning authority standard
Applies to Developments
This question applies to Small, Medium and Large developments.
Question 2.7
Objective
To encourage the use of Sustainable Urban Drainage (SUDS) to reduce flood risk, improve water quality and enhance biodiversity/amenity for the development and/or for the surrounding area.
Question
Which of the following localised strategies for sustainable drainage have been proposed. Any proposed strategy must be designed in accordance with the ‘Sustainable drainage systems design manual’ published by CIRIA (C522):
- Prevention of runoff at source – simple design measures have been included on individual dwellings/buildings (such as minimised paved areas) to allow water to return to the natural drainage system as near to the source as possible and not to contribute to runoff.
- Source Control of runoff rate/volume – design measures have been included that control the rate/volume of runoff being generated close to source such as rainwater harvesting systems, green roofs and individual soakaways for dwellings.
- Site control of water management – water will be managed from several sub-catchments such as roofs and car parks into one large soakaway or device such as an infiltration basin. By control of potential localised flooding and or pollution, this will incorporate the enhancement of biodiversity/amenity for the development and/or its surrounding area.
Targets and Justification
- Best
- A, B and C
- Good
- A and B
- Minimum
- Local Authority minimum for flood impact assessment incorporated into design
Applies to Developments
This question applies to Medium and Large developments.
Question 2.8
Question
How far will the local community have to travel to reach high quality public green space?
Targets and Justification
- Best
- Minimum and Good practice plus ANGsT standard met with green infrastructure, such as SUDs, utilised as multifunctional public green space
- Good
- 100% of dwellings are within 500m of designated public green space where children can play
- Minimum
- See relevant local planning authority standard for minimum required
Applies to Developments
This question applies to Small, Medium and Large developments.
Question 2.9
Objective
To promote outdoor recreation, health and community interaction within a planned network of green infrastructure that accomodates multifunctional public green spaces.
Question
Is there provision of accessible green space for the new development including facilities for play?
Targets and Justification
- Best
- Exceeds the good practice guide's requirements, with green infrastructure, such as SUDs, utilised as multifunctional public green space (including cycle paths)
- Good
- Meets good practice guide "Developing accessible play space: a good practice guide"
- Minimum
- See relevant local planning authority standard
Applies to Developments
This question applies to Small, Medium and Large developments.
Question 2.10
Objective
To ensure that new buildings (including refurbishments of existing buildings on site) can be adapted to the demands of new uses.
Question
Has flexibility been designed into units to provide adaptability to changing market needs?
- Residential units designed to Lifetime Homes Standards
- Optimum adaptability to future use changes in terms of building depth (9-13m)
- Optimum adaptability to future uses in terms of building width (5-7m frontages) or multiples of
- Building height allowing for vertical segregation of mixed uses
- Percentage of buildings designed for flexible use (25%or more)
Targets and Justification
- Best
- Yes to 4 or more issues
- Good
- Yes to 3 issues
- Minimum
- All homes meeting Lifetime Homes Standards
Applies to Developments
This question applies to Small, Medium and Large developments.
Question 2.11
Question
Is the affordable housing indistinguishable from the rest of the development in terms of house type and distribution?
Targets and Justification
- Best
- Affordable housing type indistinguishable and pepper potted
- Good
- Affordable housing distributed, (pepperpotted) across site
- Minimum
- See relevant local planning authority standard
Applies to Developments
This question applies to Small, Medium and Large developments.
Question 2.12
Objective
To apply design principles to increase the security of the development and to clearly define public and private space, (See table 5.1 Urban Design Compendium, p88), as part of urban design principles.
Question
Is a design strategy in place that considers the principles of ‘Secure By Design’ or equivalent standards?
Targets and Justification
- Best
- Secure By Design as part of urban design principles
- Good
- 'Secure By Design' standards met
- Minimum
- Specialist advisor involvement in the design process, such as a Police Architectural Liaison Officer (ALO) or Crime Reduction Design Officer (CRDO)
Applies to Developments
This question applies to Small, Medium and Large developments.
Question 2.13
Objective
To ensure that heritage or archaeologically important features are conserved or preserved if present.
Question
What will happen to heritage/archaeologically important features and their settings, which could be affected by the development?
Targets and Justification
- Best
- Both are protected and enhanced either physically or through public access/interpretation
- Good
- Important features are protected
- Minimum
- See relevant local planning authority standard
Applies to Developments
This question applies to Small, Medium and Large developments.
Question 2.14
Question
Will the site be designed to minimise the impact of noise from external sources?
Targets and Justification
- Best
- As Good Practice with advice from an acoustic engineer
- Good
- Key sources identified and design plan drawn up to mitigate against noise sources
- Minimum
- See relevant local planning authority standard
Applies to Developments
This question applies to Small, Medium and Large developments.
Policy Links
Proposed updates for RSS policies are being considered and site users should be aware of anticipated changes from the Examination in Public Panel Report and Schedules which can be downloaded from the North West Regional Assembly’s website.
RSS
- DP1 Regional Development Principles
- EM1 Integrated Land Management – Biodiversity, Landscape/Heritage, Woodlands
- EM3 Green Infrastructure
- EM5 Integrated Water Management
- L1 Health & Education Services Provision
- L3 Existing Housing Stock & Housing Renewal
- L4 Regional Housing Provision
- L5 Affordable Housing
- RDF1 Main Development Locations
- RDF5 Green Belts
- RT7 Regional Framework for Walking & Cycling
- W2 Broad Locations for Regionally Significant Economic Development
- W3 Supply of Sub-regional and Local Employment Land
- W4 Release of Allocated Employment Land
Reference
- British Standard 8233:1999
- CABE Protecting Design Quality in Planning
- Ciria Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems – design manual for England and Wales
- Defra: Contaminated Land
- Developing Accessible Play Space
- English Heritage Guidance on the Management of Conservation Areas
- English Heritage Part L Interim Guidance
- English Partnerships Active Frontage Guidelines
- English Partnerships Urban Design Compendium
- Environment Agency Guidance on Contaminated Land
- Guidance on Conservation Area Appraisal
- Information on Retention of Native Species
- Landscape Character Assessment Guidance
- Manual for Streets
- National Green Flag Award Scheme
- Planning Policy Statement 1
- PPG 24 Planning and Noise
- Publications about Sustainable Urban Design
- Regional Housing Strategy
- Regional Spatial Strategy
- Safer Places: The Planning System and Crime Prevention
- Secured by Design Programme
- TCPA Best Practice in Urban Extensions & New Settlements
- TCPA Biodiversity by Design
- Urban Design Compendium – Table 5.1
- WHO Noise Information